Anthropic’s Dario Amodei, OpenAI’s Sam Altman, and Microsoft’s Mustafa Suleyman are among the signatories urging US lawmakers to require companies selling synthetic DNA and RNA — genetic material that can ordered online and assembled in a lab — to screen purchases for sequences that could be used to make dangerous pathogens. The fear is that AI tools could make it easier to design potentially dangerous sequences, order them from manufacturers, and use them in ways that would previously have required more specialized expertise.

Other signers include Meta’s AI chief Alexandr Wang and Google DeepMind’s Demis Hassabis, who won the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on AI-based protein prediction. The letter was also signed by prominent scientists, national security and policy experts, and executives from biotech companies including Twist Bioscience and Ansa Biotechnologies, both major sellers of synthetic genetic material. The letter was reportedly organized by two think tanks: the Foundation for American Innovation and the Institute for Progress.

Scientists have long warned that advances in synthetic biology could make it easier for scientists to engineer dangerous organisms or even resurrect long-dead pathogens — work that could cause devastation if misused, mishandled, or released by accident. But that power has largely remained in the hands of skilled scientists with access to sophisticated labs, equipment, and resources. The concern now is that, as biological tools become cheaper and more accessible and AI models become more capable, barriers preventing misuse are beginning to crumble. Experts also warn that AI could help produce other threats like chemical weapons.

While the letter acknowledges many of the largest providers of synthetic DNA and RNA already screen orders, it is done on a voluntary, not mandatory, basis. Detailed records should also be kept on any orders, in order to track any threat that evaded initial screening, the letter says.