The Trump administration’s action was swift, sweeping, and imposed with little warning or explanation. The unprecedented shutdown of the Fable 5 and Mythos 5 models — which were already subject to safeguards limiting their use in “high-risk areas” — that followed gave new force to long-running arguments cautioning against relying on the US for critical technologies. It was fresh ammunition for the politicians, governments, and companies already arguing that they need to lead in the technology themselves.

In the UK, AI and online safety minister Kanishka Narayan did not mention Anthropic, Donald Trump, or the US directly, but used the shutdown to argue that Britain must develop its own AI capacity, framing the issue as a matter of national security. “We treat every other threat to our sovereignty with deadly seriousness, but we haven’t learned to treat this one in the same way,” he said, as images of British police and military flashed on the screen. AI is “the central political question of our time,” Narayan said, arguing that Britain must decide how the technology will shape its economy, security, and sovereignty “before someone else decides the answer for us.”

In France, the reaction was more explicit — and more forceful in naming the US. Former Prime Minister Gabriel Attal, the presidential candidate for Emmanuel Macron’s Renaissance party, called the shutdown the start of “the AI war” and said it shows France’s vulnerability if it relies on others for critical technologies. He likened the pullback of Anthropic’s models to Iran’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, with access to AI now a strategic chokepoint for which France must prepare. Attal is far from alone: Le Monde reported similar alarm from across France’s political spectrum.

The argument is not exactly new. Europe has spent years worried about its dependence on the US, technological or otherwise, and the European Union has put growing emphasis on reducing the region’s reliance on external providers in areas like chips, cloud computing, and AI. But the Anthropic shutdown has made things feel more immediate, adding to an already deep unease over America’s reliability as an ally under Trump, from trade disputes to threats of withdrawing from NATO. Attal said the issue will be at the heart of France’s next set of presidential elections, while members of the European Parliament have pointed to the withdrawal of Mythos and Fable as evidence Europe needs to make tech sovereignty a reality, and to do so quickly.